Assignment Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 3 Application Software

Assignment from Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

Name : Tommy Hendrawan

NIM / Class : 1701309513 / 01PCT

Assignment : Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 3 Application Software

True/False Mark T for True and F for False.

1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. T
11. T
12. F
Multiple Choice

1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. B
Matching

1. I
2. E
3. J
4. B
5. D
6. L
7. A
8. G
9. K
10. C

Short Answer
1. Describe some types of utility programs. ____________ What is malware? ____________
Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer.
Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.
Archivers output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive utilities, unlike archive suites, usually do not include compression or encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities may even have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation.
Backup software can make copies of all information stored on a disk and restore either the entire disk (e.g. in an event of disk failure) or selected files (e.g. in an event of accidental deletion).
Clipboard managers expand the clipboard functionality of an operating system .
Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.
Data compression utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file.

Malware is  software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active content, and other software

2. What are the features of presentation software? ____________ What types of media might a person use to enhance a presentation? ____________
A presentation program is supposed to help both: the speaker with an easier access to his ideas and the participants with visual information which complements the talk. There are many different types of presentations including professional (work-related), education, entertainment, and for general communication. Presentation programs can either supplement or replace the use of older visualaid technology, such as Pamphlets, handouts, chalkboards, flip charts, posters, slides and overhead transparencies. Text, graphics, movies, and other objects are positioned on individual pages or "slides" or "foils". The "slide" analogy is a reference to the slide projector, a device that has become somewhat obsolete due to the use of presentation software. Slides can be printed, or (more usually) displayed on-screen and navigated through at the command of the presenter. Transitions between slides can be animated in a variety of ways, as can the emergence of elements on a slide itself. Typically a presentation has many constraints and the most important being the limited time to present consistent information.

Essentially, the most common ways to enhance a presentation involve effective use of Audio and Visual media. Since people receive information mostly through the eyes and secondarily through hearing, well-put audio-visual presentations are usually successful. You could use visual media, a chalkboard, an overhead projector, or video to enhance a presentation.

3. How is travel and mapping software used? ____________ What are some examples of reference software?____________

Users to view maps, determine route directions, and locate points of interest and also calculate mileage, time, and expense. 

Examples of reference software : dictionary, translation dictionary, encyclopedia, thesaurus, and atlas

4. What is computer-based training (CBT)? ____________ List a few examples of CBT usage. ____________
The use of information technology for any assessment-related activity. This definition embraces a wide range of student activity ranging from the use of a word processor to on-screen testing. Due to its obvious similarity to e-learning, the term e-assessment is becoming widely used as a generic term to describe the use of computers within the assessment process. Specific types of e-assessment include computerized adaptive testing and computerized classification testing.
E-assessment can be used to assess cognitive and practical abilities. Cognitive abilities are assessed using e-testing software, while practical abilities are assessed using e-portfolios or simulation software.
Example : Cambridge English COMPUTER-BASED exams

5. Describe how many Web sites utilize Web-based training. ____________ What are some ways that e-learning enhances communications? ____________
Web-based training (WBT) is a type of CBT (computer-based training) that uses Internet technology and consists of application software on the Web.

There are video conferencing, e-mail, blogs, wikis, newsgroups, chat rooms, and groupware

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Assignment Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

Assignment from Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.

Name : Tommy Hendrawan

NIM / Class : 1701309513 / 01PCT

Assignment : Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

1. How Did the Internet Evolve? 

The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after the second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.

In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.

Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover over the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007.Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.

2. What Are the Various Types of Internet Connections, and What Are the Differences between Broadband and Dial-Up Connections?  

Many home and small business users opt to connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet connections. 

• DSL (digital subscriber line) provides Internet connections using regular copper telephone lines. Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem. 
• Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access. 
• Fixed wireless provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna to communicate via radio signals. 
• A cellular radio network offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems. A Wi-Fi network uses radio signals. 
• Satellite Internet service provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite. 
• Some homes and small businesses connect to the Internet with dial-up access. Dial-up access, which is slower-speed technology, takes place when the modem in your computer connects to the Internet via a standard telephone line that transmits data and information using an analog (continuous wave) pattern.

3. What Are the Types of Internet Access Providers? 

An access provider is a business that provides access to the Internet free or for a fee. An ISP (Internet service provider) is a regional or national access provider. An online service provider (OSP) provides Internet access in addition to members-only features. A wireless Internet service provider provides wireless Internet access to desktop and notebook computers and mobile devices with built-in wireless capabilities (such as Wi-Fi) or to computers using wireless modems or wireless access devices.

4. What Is the Purpose of an IP Address, and What Is Its Relationship to a Domain Name? 

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a number that uniquely identify each computer or device connected to the Internet. The Internet relies on IP addresses to send data to computers at specific locations. The IP address usually consists of four groups of numbers, each separated by a period. A domain name is the text version of an IP address.

Source : http://wiki.bitnami.com/@api/deki/files/370/=manage.png

5. What Is the Purpose of a Web Browser, and What Are the Components of a Web Address? 

A Web browser, or browser, is application software that allows users to access and view Web pages or access Web 2.0 programs. With an Internet connection established, you start a Web browser, which then retrieves and displays a starting Web page, sometimes called a home page. The home page usually contains links to other Web pages. A link, short for hyperlink, is a built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page. A Web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), or Web address. A Web address consists of a protocol, a domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page.

6. How Do You Use a Search Engine to Search for Information on the Web, and What Is the Difference between a Search Engine and a Subject Directory?

A search engine is a program that finds Web sites, Web pages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic. To use a search engine, you enter a word or phrase, called search text or a search query that describes the item you want to find. Each word in the search text is known as a keyword. The search engine displays a list of hits. When clicked, each hit subject set of categories links, you to display pages about desired topic. Displays an associated Web site or Web page. A directory classifies Web pages in an organized categories and related subcategories. By clicking u move through levels to display a list of Web out a topic.

7. What Are the Types of Web Sites? 

A portal is a Website that offers a variety of Internet services from a single location. A news Web site contains newsworthy material. An informational Web site contains factual information. A business/marketing Web site promotes or sells products or services. A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. An online social network, or social networking Web site, encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users. An educational Web site offers avenues for teaching and learning. An entertainment Web site provides an interactive and engaging environment. An advocacy Web site describes a cause, opinion, or idea. A Web application, or Web app, is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser or any computer or device connected to the Internet. A content aggregator is a business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee. A personal Web site is maintained by a private individual or family.

8. How Do Web Pages Use Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug-Ins? 

Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality. A graphic is a digital representation of non-text information such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of full-motion images played back at various speeds. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to simulate an environment that appears as three-dimensional space. A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends a browser’s capability to display multimedia elements.

9. What Are the Steps Required for Web Publishing?

Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages. The five major steps to Web publishing are: 

(1) plan a Web site, 

(2) analyze and design a Web site, 

(3) create a Web site, 

(4) deploy a Web site, and 

(5) maintain a Web site.

10. What Are the Types of E-Commerce? 

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet. Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the sale of goods and services to the general public. Consumer to consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such as in an online auction. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce takes place between businesses that exchange goods and services.

Source : http://www.superiorcommerce.net/images/ecommerce.jpg

11. How Do E-Mail, Mailing Lists, Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms, VoIP, Newsgroups and Message Boards, and FTP Work? 

E-mail (short for electronic mail) is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network. A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name, so that everyone on the list receives a message sent to the list. Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online. A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to conduct real-time typed conversations. VoIP (Voice over IP, or Internet Protocol), also called Internet telephony, enables users to speak to other users over the Internet, instead of the public switched telephone network. A newsgroup is an online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject. A message board is a Web-based type of discussion group that is easier to use than a newsgroup. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet.

12. What Are the Rules of Netiquette? 

Netiquette, which is short for Internet etiquette, is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet. Netiquette rules include: keep messages short, be polite, avoid sending flames or spam, use emoticons and acronyms, clearly identify a spoiler, read the FAQ, do not assume material is accurate or up-to-date, and never read someone’s private e-mail.

Source : https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwfOTLC6ECIF9knSonCTEbscccLmibh_ZLSPeHXNi1YOCPT-9ZMgewxjhTyCMVaz4rfsS8aBgRiPlxAsfeppUKh2cb-ejF4Nqrb7A05lzdQDZWGe-tycOF6wK4xn8tyQacLWlMJFZAUM7b/s1600/Core_rules_of_netiquette.png

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Assignment Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer

Assignment from Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
Name : Tommy Hendrawan
NIM / Class : 1701309513 / 01PCT
Assignment : Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer

1. Why Is Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s World?

Computer literacy, or digital literacy, involves having current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses. The requirements that determine computer literacy change as technology changes. As computers become more a part of everyday life, like when we calling someone with our smartphones, reading comics on the internet, using e-book to support stop using paper and etc. most of people believe that to know Computer Literacy is necessary and even vital for success life.

2. What Is a Computer, and What Is the Relationship between Data and Information? 

A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use. Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people. So, the result of processing Data which is not prepared yet to serve for users called Information.

3. List and Describe the Five Components of a Computer.

The electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer, or hardware, include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices. An input device allows you to enter data or instructions into a computer. An output device conveys information to one or more people. The system unit is a case that contains the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data. A storage device records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media. A communications device enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers.

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4. What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages That Users Experience When Working with Computers?

A user is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates. Computers have the advantages of speed, reliability, consistency, storage, and communications. They perform operations at incredibly fast speeds, are dependable and reliable, consistently generate error-free results, can store enormous amounts of data, can share processing with other computers and get a lot of entertainment. 

Disadvantages of computers relate to health risks, the violation of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, and the impact on the environment.

5. What Is a Network, and What Are Its Benefits?

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media. Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information. Sharing resources saves time and money. The world’s largest computer network is the Internet.

6. How Are the Internet and World Wide Web Used?

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. People use the Internet to communicate with and meet other people; conduct research and access information and news; shop for goods and services; bank and invest; participate in online training; engage in entertaining activities; download music and videos; share information, photos, and videos; and access and interact with Web applications. The Web, short for World Wide Web, is a global library of documents containing information that is available to anyone connected to the Internet.

7. How Is System Software Different from Application Software? 

Software, also called a program, is a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what actions to perform and how to perform them. System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. Two types of system software are the operating system, which coordinates activities among computer hardware devices, and utility programs, which perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assists them with personal tasks. Popular application software includes Web browsers, word processing software, spreadsheet software, database software, and presentation software.

8. What Are the Differences among the Types, Sizes, and Functions in the Following Categories: Personal Computers (Desktop), Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices, Game Consoles, Servers, Mainframes, Supercomputers, and Embedded Computers? 

Industry experts typically classify computers in seven categories: personal computers (desktop), mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers. A personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.

A mobile computer is a personal computer you can carry from place to place, and a mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand. A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously and can store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information. A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer and is used for applications requiring complex, sophisticated mathematical calculations. An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.

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9. What Is the Role of Each Element in an Information System? 

An information system combines hardware, software, data, people, and procedures to produce timely and useful information. People in an information technology (IT) department develop procedures for processing data. Following these procedures, people use hardware and software to enter the data into a computer. Software processes the data and directs the computer hardware to store changes on storage media

and produce information in a desired form.

10. How Do the Various Types of Computer Users Interact with Computers? 

Computer users can be separated small office/home office user, mobile user, power user, and enterprise user. A home user is a family member who uses a computer for a variety of reasons, such as budgeting and personal financial management, Web access, communications, and entertainment. A small office/home office (SOHO) includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed individual who works from home. SOHO users access the Internet to look up information and use basic business software and sometimes industry-specific software. Mobile users are employees and students who work on a computer while away from a main office, home office, or school. A power user uses a workstation or other powerful computer to work with industry-specific software. Power users exist in all types of businesses. An enterprise user works in or interacts with a company with many employees and uses a computer and computer network that processes high volumes of transactions in a single day.

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11. How Does Society Use Computers in Education, Finance, Government, Health Care, Science, Publishing, Travel, and Manufacturing?

In education, students use computers and software to assist with learning or take distance learning classes. In finance, people use computers for online banking and online investing. Government offices have Web sites to provide citizens with up-to-date information, and government employees use computers as part of their daily routines. 

In health care, computers are used to maintain patient records, monitor patients, deliver medication to nurse stations via robots, assist with medical tests and research, correspond with patients, file insurance claims, provide greater precision during operations, and as implants. All branches of science use computers to assist with collecting, analyzing, and modeling data and to communicate with colleagues around the world. Publishers use computers to assist in designing pages and make the content of their works available online. Many vehicles use some type of online navigation system to help people travel more quickly and safely. Manufacturers use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to assist with manufacturing processes.

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