Assignment from Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
Name : Tommy Hendrawan
NIM / Class : 1701309513 / 01PCT
Assignment : Discovering Computer 2011 - Chapter 7 Storage
A hard disk, also called a hard
disk drive or hard drive, is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible,
circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and
information. Traditionally, hard disks stored data using longitudinal
recording, which aligned the magnetic particles horizontally. With
perpendicular recording, hard disks align the particles vertically, making much
greater storage capacities possible. The capacity of a hard disk is determined
from whether it uses longitudinal or perpendicular recording, the number of platters
it contains, and the composition of the magnetic coating on the platters. A
platter is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and is coated with a material
that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface. Each platter has
two read/write heads, one for each side. The location of a read/write head
often is referred to by its cylinder, which is the vertical section of a track
that passes through all platters. Formatting is the process of dividing the
disk into tracks and sectors. A track is a narrow recording band that forms a
full circle on the surface of the disk. The disk’s storage locations are divided
into pie-shaped sections, which break the tracks into small arcs called
sectors. While the computer is running, the platters in the hard disk rotate at
5,400 to 15,000 revolutions per minute (rpm), which allows nearly instant
access to all tracks and sectors on the platters. Transfer rate is the speed
with which data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a storage
device. Access time measures the amount of time it takes a storage device to
locate an item on a storage medium, or the time required to deliver an item
from memory to the processor.
1. How Are Storage Devices
Different from Storage Media?
A storage medium is the physical
material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information. The
number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold is its capacity. A storage
device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from
storage media. Writing is the process of transferring items from memory to a
storage medium, and reading is the process of transferring these items from a
storage medium into memory.
2. What Are the Characteristics
of an Internal Hard Disk?
http://helpingindia.com/images/Seagate_NL35_400GB_SATA150.jpg |
3. What Is the Purpose of Network
Attached Storage Devices, External and Removable Hard Disks, and Hard Disk
Controllers?
A network attached storage (NAS) device
is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage.
NAS devices often use a RAID configuration. An external hard disk is a separate
freestanding hard disk that connects with a cable to a USB or FireWire port on
the system unit or communicates wirelessly. External hard disks have storage
capacities up to 4 TB and more. A removable hard disk can be inserted or
removed from a built-in or external drive. Removable hard disks have storage
capacities up to 1 TB. A disk controller consists of a special-purpose chip and
electronic circuits that control the transfer of data, instructions, and information
from a disk to and from the system bus and other components in a computer. A hard
disk controller may be part of the hard disk on the motherboard, or it may be a
separate adapter card inside the system unit.
4. What Are the Various Types of
Flash Memory Storage?
Flash memory chips are a type of
solid state media, which means they consist entirely of electronic components and
contain no moving parts. A solid state drive (SSD) typically uses flash memory
to store data, instructions, and information. A memory card is a removable flash
memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile
device, or card reader/writer. Common memory cards include CompactFlash (CF), Secure
Digital (SD), Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC), microSD, microSDHC, xD
Picture Card, Memory Stick, and Memory Stick Micro (M2). A USB flash drive, sometimes
called a thumb drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a port on
a computer or mobiledevice. An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits
in an ExpressCard slot. ExpressCard modules can add memory, storage,
communications, or other capabilities to a computer.
5. What Is Cloud Storage, and
What Are Its Advantages?
Cloud storage is an Internet
service that provides storage for computer users. Available for all sizes of users,
with various degrees of storage services available for home and business users,
cloud storage fees vary, depending on the user’s storage requirements.
Advantages include accessing fi les on the Internet from any computer or device
with Internet access; storing large audio, video, and graphics fi les on the
Internet instantaneously; allowing others to access their fi les on the Internet;
viewing time-critical data and images immediately; storing off-site backups of
data; and providing data center functions.
6. What Are the Characteristics
of Optical Discs?
An optical disc is a type of
storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal,
plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser. Optical discs, which primarily
store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music, contain microscopic pits
(indentations) and lands (flat areas) in their middle layer. Optical discs commonly
store items in a single track that spirals from the center of the disc to its
edge. Like a hard disk, the single track is divided into evenly sized sectors.
7. How Are the Various Types of
Optical Discs Different?
A CD-ROM, or compact disc
read-only memory, is a type of optical disc that uses laser technology to store
items. Users can read the contents of standard CD-ROMs but cannot erase or
modify their contents. A CD-R (compact disc-recordable) is a multisession disc
on which users can record their own items, such as text, graphics, and audio.
Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one time, and the disc’s contents
cannot be erased. A CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is an erasable disc that
can be written on multiple times. An archive disc stores photos from an online
photo center in the jpg fi le format. A Picture CD is a single-session CD-ROM
that stores digital versions of fi lm using the jpg format at a lower
resolution than an archive disc. A DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-read-only
memory or digital video disc-read-only memory) is a high capacity optical disc that
you can read but not write on or erase. A newer, more expensive DVD format is
Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM), with higher capacity and better quality than standard
DVDs. Many types of recordable and rewritable DVD formats are available. DVD-R
and DVD+R are DVD-recordable formats. BD-R is a high-capacity DVD-recordable
format. DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are rewritable DVD formats that allow users
to erase and record multiple times. BD-RE is a high-capacity rewritable DVD
format.
8. How Are Tape, Magnetic Stripe
Cards, Smart Cards, Microfilm and Microfiche, and Enterprise Storage
Used?
Binusian Flazz Card |
Tape is a magnetically coated
ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a
low cost. A tape drive reads and writes data and information on tape. Business
users utilize tape most often for long-term storage and backup. A magnetic
stripe card is a credit card, entertainment card, bank card, or other similar
card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card. A magnetic
stripe card reader reads the information stored on the stripe. A smart card,
which is similar in size to a credit or ATM card, stores data on a thin microprocessor
embedded in the card. A smart card reader reads the information on the smart
card and updates it if necessary. Microfilm is a 100- to 215-foot roll of film. Microfiche is a small sheet of film, usually about 4 x 6 inches. Microfilm
and microfiche reduce the amount of paper firms must handle, are inexpensive, and
have the longest life of any storage media. Enterprises use computers, servers,
and networks to manage and store huge volumes of data and information. In an
enterprise, some storage systems can provide more than 185 TB of storage, and
optical disc servers hold hundreds of optical discs.
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